Check out why Duke University received a D grade in our Report Card below.
Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina with an undergraduate enrollment size of 6,883. The university was founded in 1838. The university officially moved to Durham in 1892. The university has a significant Greek life and student club influence on campus. The Greek life community is made up of 23.2% of the student population, and there are hundreds of student-led organizations. Students at Duke University can enjoy shopping and restaurants near campus, attend sporting events within the university itself, and check out the Durham Bulls Athletic Park, the Durham Performing Arts Center, Bennett Place Historic Site, or Sarah P. Duke Gardens. The university’s mascot is the blue devil.
Duke University offers 98 bachelor&#8217;s degree programs and there are more than 80 departments to choose from for master&#8217;s or doctoral degrees. Notable former students include CEO of Apple Timothy Cook, co-anchor and managing editor of PBS NewsHour Judy Woodruff, and 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon.

Duke University receives a “C” grade by <a href="https://www.whatwilltheylearn.com/schools/2712" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What Will They Learn?</a> which takes into account the university’s educational prowess. Factors include composition, literature, foreign language, U.S. government or history, economics, mathematics, and natural science.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-170" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/26114647/c-1-e1672082589419.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

What Will They Learn? Academic Score

Duke University receives an “A+” grade for the Average Salary of Recent Graduates. As of 2021, alumni with 0-5 years of experience after graduating from Duke University with a bachelor’s degree make $76,800 on average according to <a href="https://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report/bachelors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Payscale</a>.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-92" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/09164724/a-plus-e1671666966981.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Average Salary of Recent Graduates

Duke University receives an “A+” grade for the Average Salary of Graduates Mid-Career. As of 2021, alumni with 10+ years of experience after graduating from Duke University with a bachelor’s degree make $142,500 on average according to <a href="https://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report/bachelors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Payscale</a>.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-92" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/09164724/a-plus-e1671666966981.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Average Salary of Graduates Mid-Career

Duke University receives an “A+” grade for the Percent of Graduates with Debt (Federal and Private). In 2020, 30% of graduates accumulated student debt from federal and/or private sources according to <a href="https://ticas.org/interactive-map/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Institute for College Access &amp; Success</a>.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-92" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/09164724/a-plus-e1671666966981.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Percent of Graduates with Debt (Federal and Private)

Duke University receives a “B-” grade for the Average Debt of Graduates (Federal and Private). In 2020, graduates accumulated $24,219 of debt on average from federal and/or private sources according to <a href="https://ticas.org/interactive-map/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Institute for College Access &amp; Success</a>.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-81" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06154457/b-minus-e1671667020486.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Average Debt of Graduates (Federal and Private)

Duke University receives a “B” grade for Mandated Equity, Inclusion, and Diversity Training for Staff. New staff are <a href="https://hr.duke.edu/new-duke/required-training-policies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">required</a> to complete Online Safety Training and Harassment Training. The Office for Institutional Equity offers a Foundational Workshop Series that &#8220;is open to the Duke community, in particular to staff interested in increasing skill and workplace culture in their departments.&#8221; These workshops include:
<ul>
<li>&#8220;DEI Building Blocks: Creating meaning, shared language and manageable action&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;LGBTQIA Foundations: Awareness, Inclusion, Workplace Considerations&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Microaggressions and Implicit Bias: The Basics,&#8221; and &#8220;White Supremacy Culture: Impact on Workplace Interactions&#8221;</li>
</ul>
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06154915/b-e1671667012553.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Mandated Equity, Inclusion, and Diversity Training for Staff

Duke University receives an “F” grade for having a Bias Response Team. Bias Reporting Systems and Response Teams are systems or teams of faculty, staff, and sometimes law enforcement.
According to <a href="https://speechfirst.org/bias-reporting-systems/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SpeechFirst</a>, students are “encouraged to report ‘bias incidents’ to these boards (or teams) in the name of inclusion and tolerance, but it’s often unclear what the school considers ‘bias’ in the first place. Overly broad or vague definitions of bias put all kinds of speech at risk of being reported – even unpopular speech which is protected by the First Amendment.”
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-83" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06163659/f-e1671666890828.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Bias Reporting System or Bias Response Team 

Duke University receives a “D+” grade for the Ratio of Right-Leaning Clubs to Left-Leaning Clubs. Out of a list of 20 clubs (10 from each side), the <a href="https://dukegroups.com/home_login" target="_blank" rel="noopener">university</a> has one right-leaning club compared to five left-leaning clubs. Students Supporting Israel is the right-leaning club. Students for Justice in Palestine, Gay Straight Alliance, Planned Parenthood Generation Action, White Coats for Black Lives, and Policy for the People are the five left-leaning clubs.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-96" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/11141032/d-plus-e1671666956734.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Ratio of Right-Leaning Clubs to Left-Leaning Clubs

Duke University receives a “C” grade because they do not have a Turning Point USA chapter. The university has not denied a Turning Point USA chapter on campus. Unfortunately, universities and Student Governments around the country often use their power to prevent certain clubs from operating on campus.

Denied Turning Point USA Chapter

Duke University receives an “F” grade for the Amount of Foreign Funding Received. According to <a href="https://sites.ed.gov/foreigngifts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">College Foreign Gift Reporting</a>, the university receives $93,914.47 from foreign sources per undergraduate student. Oftentimes, foreign parties will convey their influence by funding certain courses, activities, professors, and organizations on campus. In certain cases, universities must abide by restrictions dictated by foreign parties to receive funding. In addition, there have been <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/top-universities-took-billions-in-unreported-foreign-funds-u-s-finds-11603226953" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reports</a> that claim that universities underreport foreign funding. The figure above only takes into account reported foreign funding.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-83" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06163659/f-e1671666890828.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Amount of Foreign Funding Received

Duke University receives a “C” grade for Required Equity, Diversity, or Inclusion Courses for Students. The <a href="https://trinity.duke.edu/undergraduate/academic-policies/graduation-requirements" target="_blank" rel="noopener">university</a> requires 34 credits of General Education courses. These are broken up into multiple different categories. The university&#8217;s <a href="https://trinity.duke.edu/undergraduate/academic-policies/curriculum#areas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">required</a> &#8220;Social Studies (SS)&#8221; category &#8220;Includes courses in African and African American studies; cultural anthropology; economics; environmental sciences and policy; linguistics; political science; psychology; public policy; sociology; and gender, sexuality, and feminist studies.&#8221;
The <a href="https://trinity.duke.edu/social-sciences" target="_blank" rel="noopener">university</a> describes its approach to its Social Studies course options: &#8220;Our social science disciplines apply both quantitative scientific and interpretive humanistic methodologies to study diverse patterns of human behavior, social structures and cultural and social change. Our highly-ranked Social Sciences departments produce research and scholarship that advance their respective fields and the university&#8217;s goal of knowledge in service of society. In addition, Duke&#8217;s interpretive social sciences have distinguished themselves internationally with research addressing important global cultural themes related to gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, citizenship/nationality, social exclusion, social inequality, social movements, diaspora, health, religion, and artistic expression, among other factors.” Examples of courses in this category include, but are not limited to:
<ul>
<li>&#8220;Sociology of Racism in America&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Conversations on Decolonization and the Climate Crisis&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Introduction to Digital Feminism&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Race, Gender, Class, &amp; Computing&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Southern Voices: Activism and Progressive Movements in the US South&#8221;</li>
<li>&#8220;Bodies at Work&#8221;</li>
</ul>
However, these courses can be bypassed in favor of unbiased options like &#8220;Personal Finance&#8221; and &#8220;Practical Financial Markets.&#8221;
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-79" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06151308/c-e1671667169543.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Required Equity, Diversity, or Inclusion Courses for Students

Duke University receives a “B” grade for Segregated Dormitories, Graduations, and Classes. The university has three segregated convocations (a <a href="https://commencement.duke.edu/schedule-of-events/diploma-ceremonies-events/lavender-graduation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lavender</a> Graduation, a <a href="https://commencement.duke.edu/schedule-of-events/diploma-ceremonies-events/latinx-graduation-ceremony/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Latinx</a> Ceremony, and a <a href="https://commencement.duke.edu/schedule-of-events/diploma-ceremonies-events/mary-lou-williams-center-for-black-culture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black</a> Graduation).
The university has no segregated classes or dormitories.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-82" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06154915/b-e1671667012553.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Segregated Dormitories, Graduations, and Classes

Duke University receives a “B+” grade for Protests and Canceling Speakers. On March 22, 2023, students <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2023/03/duke-israeli-prime-minister-naftali-bennett-speaks-israel-palestine-protest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">walked out</a> and protested a speech given by the Former Israeli Prime Minister, Naftali Bennett.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-91" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/09161143/b-plus-e1671666976733.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Protests and Canceling Speakers

Duke University receives a “C” grade for Mask and Vaccine Mandates. According to Duke’s Coronavirus Response <a href="https://coronavirus.duke.edu/guidelines-requirements/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">page</a>, “Duke strongly recommends getting up-to-date vaccinations against COVID-19, especially for those with conditions that place them at higher risk. However, effective May 11 current and new students, faculty and staff who do not work in a healthcare environment are no longer required to receive the primary or booster vaccinations.”
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-79" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06151308/c-e1671667169543.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Mask and Vaccine Mandates 

Duke University receives an “A+” grade for the Percent of Students Graduating with STEM Degrees. According to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Center (<a href="https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/use-the-data" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IPEDS</a>), as of 2020, 16.32% of the current undergraduate student population graduate with a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) degree. Across the United States, students who graduate with STEM degrees tend to earn more on average than their other student counterparts.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-92" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/09164724/a-plus-e1671666966981.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Percent of Students Graduating with STEM Degrees 

Duke University receives an “F” grade for Required Western Civilization Courses for Students. The <a href="https://trinity.duke.edu/undergraduate/academic-policies/graduation-requirements" target="_blank" rel="noopener">university</a> does not require any course or category of courses designed to teach students about the history of the United States and western civilization as a whole.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-83" src="https://cdn.deanslist.org/be/2022/12/06163659/f-e1671666890828.png" alt="" width="80" height="80" />

Required Western Civilization Courses for Students 

Duke University

Check out why Duke University received a D grade in our Report Card below.

Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina with an undergraduate enrollment size of 6,883. The university was founded in 1838. The university officially moved to Durham in 1892. The university has a significant Greek life and student club influence on campus. The Greek life community is made up of 23.2% of the student population, and there are hundreds of student-led organizations. Students at Duke University can enjoy shopping and restaurants near campus, attend sporting events within the university itself, and check out the Durham Bulls Athletic Park, the Durham Performing Arts Center, Bennett Place Historic Site, or Sarah P. Duke Gardens. The university’s mascot is the blue devil.

Duke University offers 98 bachelor's degree programs and there are more than 80 departments to choose from for master's or doctoral degrees. Notable former students include CEO of Apple Timothy Cook, co-anchor and managing editor of PBS NewsHour Judy Woodruff, and 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon.

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<a href="https://sanford.duke.edu/people/faculty/darity-jr-william">William A. Darity, Jr.</a> is the Samuel Dubois Cook Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at Duke University. He also holds the positions of Professor of African and African American Studies, Economics, and is an Affiliate of the Duke Initiative of Science and Society, as well as an Affiliate for the Center for Child and Family Policy.
Identity Politics 
As <a href="https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/08/14/duke-university-economist-calls-for-12-trillion-in-slavery-reparations/">Breitbart</a> reports, Darity and his wife, Kirsten Mullen, co-authored a paper for the <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/">Roosevelt Institute</a> in which they advocated for $12 Trillion in reparations for slavery. This amounts to roughly $800,000 to be paid per each African-American household in the country.
In the <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">document</a>, titled, “Resurrecting the Promise of 40 acres: The Imperative of Reparations for Black Americans,” Darity describes the federal government as a “culpable party” that should pay reparations to black Americans for the nation’s history of slavery.
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-1292 size-large" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-1024x452.png" alt="" width="580" height="256" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-1024x452.png 1024w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-300x133.png 300w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-768x339.png 768w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-1200x530.png 1200w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826.png 1299w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" />
Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">states</a> that reparations are necessary so that white Americans do not continue to benefit from the profits of enslaved black Americans. In the same report, Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">alleges</a> that it is just as necessary for America to pay black Americans reparations as it was for Germany to pay reparations to survivors of the Holocaust.
<a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-1291" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.46.29-PM.png" alt="" width="400" height="499" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.46.29-PM.png 646w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.46.29-PM-240x300.png 240w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a>
Further in &#8220;Resurrecting the Promise&#8221;, Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">calls</a> for a “formal reparations bill” to be passed by Congress, stating that reparations are needed to erase the black-white “wealth gulf” between black and white Americans.
In the conclusion of “Resurrecting the Promise,” Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">describes</a> reparations as the monetary centerpiece of all other forms of reparations and is required to eliminate the wealth gap, which is the “most glaring economic indicator” of racial injustice.
<a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-1294" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.51.45-PM.png" alt="" width="500" height="646" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.51.45-PM.png 551w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.51.45-PM-232x300.png 232w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></a>
Following the publication of the paper, Darity announced in a <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">letter</a> for The Chronicle that he will oversee the recently added “Minor in Inequality Studies” alongside history professor Malachi Hacohen, and adjunct instructor of education Adam Hollowell.
<a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-1296" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-9.18.38-PM.png" alt="" width="400" height="396" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-9.18.38-PM.png 719w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-9.18.38-PM-300x297.png 300w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-9.18.38-PM-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a>
According to the Duke University website, this field of study is <a href="https://socialequity.duke.edu/inequality-studies-minor/">offered</a> for students interested in studying, “causes and consequences of inequality and pursue research around issues of social equity across a range of social science methods.”
Darity <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">states</a> in the letter that inequality is interlaced in the “modern world” and reinforces “racism, sexism, colorism and other forms of discrimination.”
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-1293 size-large" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-1024x348.png" alt="" width="580" height="197" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-1024x348.png 1024w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-300x102.png 300w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-768x261.png 768w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-1200x407.png 1200w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234.png 1299w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" />
Darity further <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">states</a> in the letter that he hopes that students will “acquire a rigorous and analytical understanding of social inequality” to apply to their careers after they graduate.
The Professor Watchlist Team reached out to Darity for comment regarding:
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">His paper for the Roosevelt Institute titled, Resurrecting the Promise of 40 Acres, in which Darity calls for $12 trillion in reparations for the descendants of slaves.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s statement that the wealth gulf is the most glaring indicator of racial injustice.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s comparison between paying reparations to the descendants of slaves to that of Germany paying reparations to Holocaust victims.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s statement that inequality is inherent in our institutions and reinforces &#8220;racism, sexism, colorism, and other forms of discrimination.&#8221;</li>
</ul>
Professor Darity responded with the following statement:
“Apart from your various spelling and grammatical errors, basically the first three statements you attribute to me are correct. I don&#8217;t recall being directly quoted using the language in the fourth item. Also, in the second statement to be precise, my position is the &#8220;black-white wealth gulf is the most glaring economic indicator of racial injustice in the United States.&#8221; I consider it a badge of honor to be considered for your McCarthyist Watchlist. Keep watching.” &#8211; Professor William Darity, Jr.
&nbsp;
Parents and Students may contact Duke University at (919) 684-8111 
Updated &#8211; Spring, 2021

<a href="https://sanford.duke.edu/people/faculty/darity-jr-william">William A. Darity, Jr.</a> is the Samuel Dubois Cook Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at Duke University. He also holds the positions of Professor of African and African American Studies, Economics, and is an Affiliate of the Duke Initiative of Science and Society, as well as an Affiliate for the Center for Child and Family Policy.
Identity Politics 
As <a href="https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/08/14/duke-university-economist-calls-for-12-trillion-in-slavery-reparations/">Breitbart</a> reports, Darity and his wife, Kirsten Mullen, co-authored a paper for the <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/">Roosevelt Institute</a> in which they advocated for $12 Trillion in reparations for slavery. This amounts to roughly $800,000 to be paid per each African-American household in the country.

In the <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">document</a>, titled, “Resurrecting the Promise of 40 acres: The Imperative of Reparations for Black Americans,” Darity describes the federal government as a “culpable party” that should pay reparations to black Americans for the nation’s history of slavery.

<img class="aligncenter wp-image-1292 size-large" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204811.517-e1618544928826-1024x452.png" alt="" width="580" height="256" />

Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">states</a> that reparations are necessary so that white Americans do not continue to benefit from the profits of enslaved black Americans. In the same report, Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">alleges</a> that it is just as necessary for America to pay black Americans reparations as it was for Germany to pay reparations to survivors of the Holocaust.

<a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1291" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.46.29-PM.png" alt="" width="400" height="499" /></a>

Further in "Resurrecting the Promise", Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">calls</a> for a “formal reparations bill” to be passed by Congress, stating that reparations are needed to erase the black-white “wealth gulf” between black and white Americans.

In the conclusion of “Resurrecting the Promise,” Darity <a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf">describes</a> reparations as the monetary centerpiece of all other forms of reparations and is required to eliminate the wealth gap, which is the “most glaring economic indicator” of racial injustice.

<a href="https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RI_Report_ResurrectingthePromiseof40Acres_202005.pdf"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1294" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-8.51.45-PM.png" alt="" width="500" height="646" /></a>

Following the publication of the paper, Darity announced in a <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">letter</a> for The Chronicle that he will oversee the recently added “Minor in Inequality Studies” alongside history professor Malachi Hacohen, and adjunct instructor of education Adam Hollowell.

<a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1296" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screen-Shot-2021-04-15-at-9.18.38-PM.png" alt="" width="400" height="396" /></a>

According to the Duke University website, this field of study is <a href="https://socialequity.duke.edu/inequality-studies-minor/">offered</a> for students interested in studying, “causes and consequences of inequality and pursue research around issues of social equity across a range of social science methods.”

Darity <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">states</a> in the letter that inequality is interlaced in the “modern world” and reinforces “racism, sexism, colorism and other forms of discrimination.”

<img class="aligncenter wp-image-1293 size-large" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Copy-of-PWL-Quote-Template-2021-04-15T204952.321-e1618545028234-1024x348.png" alt="" width="580" height="197" />

Darity further <a href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2020/12/why-studying-inequality-matters-minor-ineuality-studies-samuel-dubois-cook">states</a> in the letter that he hopes that students will “acquire a rigorous and analytical understanding of social inequality” to apply to their careers after they graduate.

The Professor Watchlist Team reached out to Darity for comment regarding:
<ul>
 	<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">His paper for the Roosevelt Institute titled, Resurrecting the Promise of 40 Acres, in which Darity calls for $12 trillion in reparations for the descendants of slaves.</li>
 	<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s statement that the wealth gulf is the most glaring indicator of racial injustice.</li>
 	<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s comparison between paying reparations to the descendants of slaves to that of Germany paying reparations to Holocaust victims.</li>
 	<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Darity’s statement that inequality is inherent in our institutions and reinforces "racism, sexism, colorism, and other forms of discrimination."</li>
</ul>
Professor Darity responded with the following statement:

“Apart from your various spelling and grammatical errors, basically the first three statements you attribute to me are correct. I don't recall being directly quoted using the language in the fourth item. Also, in the second statement to be precise, my position is the "black-white wealth gulf is the most glaring economic indicator of racial injustice in the United States." I consider it a badge of honor to be considered for your McCarthyist Watchlist. Keep watching.” - Professor William Darity, Jr.

&nbsp;
Parents and Students may contact Duke University at (919) 684-8111 
Updated - Spring, 2021

screen-shot-2022-12-08-at-4-22-14-pm

Screen Shot 2022-12-08 at 4.22.14 PM

<a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/faculty/robyn-henderson-espinoza" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Robyn Henderson-Espinoza</a>—who now goes by the name Roberto Che Espinoza—is a Consulting Faculty Member at Duke Divinity School, a <a href="https://www.umc.org/en/schools/seminaries" target="_blank" rel="noopener">seminary affiliated with the United Methodist Church</a>. She identifies as a “non-binary, trans-queer, Latinx” and was named one of the “<a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/article/10-faith-leaders-watch-2018/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10 Faith Leaders to Watch in 2018</a>” by the Center for American Progress.
Espinoza describes her work as <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/09/17/1123629725/some-christians-are-using-sacred-texts-to-embrace-a-broader-understanding-of-gen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bringing heaven to earth</a> by studying a “brown Palestinian Jew who was executed by the Roman Empire.” Much of her ministry intertwines biblical doctrine with left-wing social movements. 
Although an ordained minister, Espinoza appears to deny the divinity of Jesus Christ. In an article titled, “Decolonizing Jesus and his Teachings,” Espinoza offers <a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/decolonizing-jesus-and-his-teachings" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a course about “decolonizing” Jesus</a> and his “myths and teachings that have been institutionalized.” An accompanying meme of a “Colonizer Jesus” disputes that Jesus “died for your sins.” 
<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter wp-image-2697 size-full" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2022-12-08-at-4.27.24-PM-e1670542089827.png" alt="" width="592" height="597" srcset="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2022-12-08-at-4.27.24-PM-e1670542089827.png 592w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2022-12-08-at-4.27.24-PM-e1670542089827-297x300.png 297w, https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2022-12-08-at-4.27.24-PM-e1670542089827-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px" />
&nbsp;
In a separate interview, Espinoza further describes herself as a “public theologian” that seeks to <a href="https://vimeo.com/242163779?embedded=true&amp;source=vimeo_logo&amp;owner=70227614" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“de-emphasize” biblical text</a> to engage in “harm reduction” of communities marginalized by the Church. To accomplish this, Espinoza amplifies the voices of queer and transgender persons whom she alleges have been harmed by Scripture. 
<iframe loading="lazy" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/242163779?h=6398d42ded" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
&nbsp;
An organization led by Espinoza—the “<a href="https://activistheology.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Activist Theology Program</a>”—offers an “<a href="https://activistheology.com/unraveling-whiteness/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unraveling whiteness</a>” course for “white bodies” who wish to dismantle their white supremacy. A portion of the class proceeds will be considered a “reparations tax” and paid towards a “BIPOC” organization. 
On her <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter account</a>, Espinoza alleges that all white Americans benefit from white supremacy and even claims that “whiteness” isn’t a race. 
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
I&#8217;m finding that a lot of white folks are quick to say racism but can&#8217;t bring themselves to talk about or identify with the ways in which white supremacy is at play and their benefitting from it. <a href="https://t.co/CWJbsDJnQw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://t.co/CWJbsDJnQw</a>
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1278368862287904769?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">July 1, 2020</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
True; it isn&#8217;t a race, but whiteness embodies a pernicious logic of dominance that accelerates values &amp; practices that fortify hegemonic systems. I&#8217;m just suggesting that our anti-racism education be framed in a way that acknowledges what whiteness is all about.
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1358245205032505353?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">February 7, 2021</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
&nbsp;
Espinoza, who is half-Latino, writes that she must work to undo her white supremacy every day. 
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
As a Transqueer Latinx, public theologian, &amp; scholar, I am spending time w <a href="https://twitter.com/xroadsorg?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@xroadsorg</a>. Even though I identify as a person of color, I am conscripted into the ideology of white body supremacy &amp; participate in technologies of racism. I have to undo these tentacles every day!
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1358096647989972995?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">February 6, 2021</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
Espinoza opposes what she describes as “supremacy culture” within the Christian Church. <a href="https://juicyecumenism.com/2021/08/11/robyn-henderson-espinoza/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">During a lecture at Boston University</a>, she defined this as a Church tethered to “race, economics, and the military war machine.” Espinoza further claims that a lack of “life-affirming systems” by Christians leads to a culture of “white supremacy and capitalism and violence.”  
“&#8230;we don’t know how to be responsible agents in the world, which is why we get evangelical theology where a White man can have a bad day and go kill a handful of people.” 
In a separate, self-promotional video, she further claims the “religion” of the United States is white nationalism. Espinoza describes her own beliefs as “activist theology,” or the unification of progressive movements with biblical theologies. 
<iframe loading="lazy" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/277313737?h=c2091c3cd5" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
&nbsp;
Elsewhere, Espinoza defines activist theology as an offshoot of “liberation theology,” which is the<a href="https://www.acton.org/pub/commentary/2008/04/02/marxist-roots-black-liberation-theology" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> ideological godchild of Marxism</a>. The theory grew out of <a href="https://thefederalist.com/2020/10/12/5-major-reasons-liberation-theology-is-terrible-theology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">left-leaning Churches and social movements in the 1960s.</a> Adherents promote the “liberation” of oppressed groups from economic or social oppression, namely that of systemic racism.  
During her speech at a “<a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/becoming-as-praxis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Theology Beer Camp</a>,” Espinoza further defined activist theology as connecting “God-Talk” to the world’s contexts of “race, class, gender, sexuality, sex, and ability.” She calls on those in attendance to take a critical stance to fight “white supremacy and neo-fascism” in the Church. 
Espinoza deemphasizes God and religious texts in favor of progressive actions and self-affirmation throughout her work. “I don’t care what you believe,” she stated in the same speech, “I care about how you live your life. I care about your actions in the world.” 
In a separate article for her Substack, Espinoza declares that she has “no use for god” and <a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/leaving-religion-for-a-better-world" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calls on her readers to define their meaning and build the world they want to see:</a> 
“&#8230;but what if Nietzsche was right that God is dead?&#8230;.What if making meaning is the religion of today? What if that is how we build a new world?” 
The Professor Watchlist Team has reached out to Espinoza for comment. This profile will be updated accordingly. 
&nbsp;
Published &#8211; December 8th, 2022.

<a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/faculty/robyn-henderson-espinoza" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Robyn Henderson-Espinoza</a>—who now goes by the name Roberto Che Espinoza—is a Consulting Faculty Member at Duke Divinity School, a <a href="https://www.umc.org/en/schools/seminaries" target="_blank" rel="noopener">seminary affiliated with the United Methodist Church</a>. She identifies as a “non-binary, trans-queer, Latinx” and was named one of the “<a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/article/10-faith-leaders-watch-2018/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10 Faith Leaders to Watch in 2018</a>” by the Center for American Progress.

Espinoza describes her work as <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/09/17/1123629725/some-christians-are-using-sacred-texts-to-embrace-a-broader-understanding-of-gen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bringing heaven to earth</a> by studying a “brown Palestinian Jew who was executed by the Roman Empire.” Much of her ministry intertwines biblical doctrine with left-wing social movements. 

Although an ordained minister, Espinoza appears to deny the divinity of Jesus Christ. In an article titled, “Decolonizing Jesus and his Teachings,” Espinoza offers <a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/decolonizing-jesus-and-his-teachings" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a course about “decolonizing” Jesus</a> and his “myths and teachings that have been institutionalized.” An accompanying meme of a “Colonizer Jesus” disputes that Jesus “died for your sins.” 

<img class="aligncenter wp-image-2697 size-full" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2022-12-08-at-4.27.24-PM-e1670542089827.png" alt="" width="592" height="597" />

&nbsp;

In a separate interview, Espinoza further describes herself as a “public theologian” that seeks to <a href="https://vimeo.com/242163779?embedded=true&amp;source=vimeo_logo&amp;owner=70227614" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“de-emphasize” biblical text</a> to engage in “harm reduction” of communities marginalized by the Church. To accomplish this, Espinoza amplifies the voices of queer and transgender persons whom she alleges have been harmed by Scripture. 

<iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/242163779?h=6398d42ded" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>

&nbsp;

An organization led by Espinoza—the “<a href="https://activistheology.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Activist Theology Program</a>”—offers an “<a href="https://activistheology.com/unraveling-whiteness/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unraveling whiteness</a>” course for “white bodies” who wish to dismantle their white supremacy. A portion of the class proceeds will be considered a “reparations tax” and paid towards a “BIPOC” organization. 

On her <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter account</a>, Espinoza alleges that all white Americans benefit from white supremacy and even claims that “whiteness” isn’t a race. 
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
I'm finding that a lot of white folks are quick to say racism but can't bring themselves to talk about or identify with the ways in which white supremacy is at play and their benefitting from it. <a href="https://t.co/CWJbsDJnQw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://t.co/CWJbsDJnQw</a>
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1278368862287904769?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">July 1, 2020</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
True; it isn't a race, but whiteness embodies a pernicious logic of dominance that accelerates values &amp; practices that fortify hegemonic systems. I'm just suggesting that our anti-racism education be framed in a way that acknowledges what whiteness is all about.
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1358245205032505353?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">February 7, 2021</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

&nbsp;

Espinoza, who is half-Latino, writes that she must work to undo her white supremacy every day. 
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
As a Transqueer Latinx, public theologian, &amp; scholar, I am spending time w <a href="https://twitter.com/xroadsorg?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@xroadsorg</a>. Even though I identify as a person of color, I am conscripted into the ideology of white body supremacy &amp; participate in technologies of racism. I have to undo these tentacles every day!
— Dr. Roberto Che Espinoza ✊🏽 (@irobyn) <a href="https://twitter.com/irobyn/status/1358096647989972995?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">February 6, 2021</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

Espinoza opposes what she describes as “supremacy culture” within the Christian Church. <a href="https://juicyecumenism.com/2021/08/11/robyn-henderson-espinoza/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">During a lecture at Boston University</a>, she defined this as a Church tethered to “race, economics, and the military war machine.” Espinoza further claims that a lack of “life-affirming systems” by Christians leads to a culture of “white supremacy and capitalism and violence.”  

“...we don’t know how to be responsible agents in the world, which is why we get evangelical theology where a White man can have a bad day and go kill a handful of people.” 

In a separate, self-promotional video, she further claims the “religion” of the United States is white nationalism. Espinoza describes her own beliefs as “activist theology,” or the unification of progressive movements with biblical theologies. 

<iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/277313737?h=c2091c3cd5" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>

&nbsp;

Elsewhere, Espinoza defines activist theology as an offshoot of “liberation theology,” which is the<a href="https://www.acton.org/pub/commentary/2008/04/02/marxist-roots-black-liberation-theology" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> ideological godchild of Marxism</a>. The theory grew out of <a href="https://thefederalist.com/2020/10/12/5-major-reasons-liberation-theology-is-terrible-theology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">left-leaning Churches and social movements in the 1960s.</a> Adherents promote the “liberation” of oppressed groups from economic or social oppression, namely that of systemic racism.  

During her speech at a “<a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/becoming-as-praxis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Theology Beer Camp</a>,” Espinoza further defined activist theology as connecting “God-Talk” to the world’s contexts of “race, class, gender, sexuality, sex, and ability.” She calls on those in attendance to take a critical stance to fight “white supremacy and neo-fascism” in the Church. 

Espinoza deemphasizes God and religious texts in favor of progressive actions and self-affirmation throughout her work. “I don’t care what you believe,” she stated in the same speech, “I care about how you live your life. I care about your actions in the world.” 

In a separate article for her Substack, Espinoza declares that she has “no use for god” and <a href="https://www.ourcollectivebecoming.com/p/leaving-religion-for-a-better-world" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calls on her readers to define their meaning and build the world they want to see:</a> 

“...but what if Nietzsche was right that God is dead?....What if making meaning is the religion of today? What if that is how we build a new world?” 

The Professor Watchlist Team has reached out to Espinoza for comment. This profile will be updated accordingly. 

&nbsp;
Published - December 8th, 2022.

screen-shot-2023-01-11-at-10-53-35-am

Screen Shot 2023-01-11 at 10.53.35 AM

<a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/tracie.canada">Tracie Canada</a> is an Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University. According to her biography, she studies the “lived experiences of black college football players” and how “institutional systems and everyday spaces order, discipline, and enact violence against Black players.” 
In an article for Scientific American, Canada argues that black men <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106195655/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/damar-hamlins-collapse-highlights-the-violence-black-men-experience-in-football/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">disproportionately suffer injuries in NFL</a> due to the league’s connection to the slave trade. 
The article was published just days after Buffalo Bills Safety Damar Hamlin <a href="https://sports.yahoo.com/bills-s-damar-hamlin-discharged-from-cincinnati-hospital-1-week-after-terrifying-collapse-201301750.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suffered a cardiac arrest</a> during a January 2023 game. Canada writes that his injury represents the “normalized” violence black men face in the NFL. This violence is propounded, she continues, by coaches who purposefully “segregate” black men into dangerous positions on the team: 
“…through a process called racial stacking, coaches racially segregate athletes by playing position. These demographic discrepancies place Black athletes at a higher risk during play.”
While admitting she has not studied the injury rates white players suffer, Canada compares the NFL to a “plantation field.” She states that similar to slavery, black bodies are exploited to the point of injury for the entertainment of spectators. 
“On these playing fields, ones that sociologist Billy Hawkins would argue are never theoretically far from plantation fields, financial stakeholders value Black bodies for their productive potential and physical prowess. The league encourages and facilitates rigorous training and disciplining so players can execute seemingly impossible corporeal demands, all in the service of entertainment, money-making, and insatiable fandom.”
She concludes that despite consisting of 70% black men, anti-blackness in the NFL is “inescapable.” In a separate article, Canada writes that <a href="https://www.aaihs.org/anti-blackness-and-college-football/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">white supremacy is foundational</a> to the sport itself:
“&#8230;the college football system continues to rely on its foundational white supremacist ideals.”
During the Spring 2023 semester, Canada will be teaching a course titled, “Embodied Blackness.” A <a href="https://aaas.duke.edu/courses/embodied-blackness" target="_blank" rel="noopener">description of the course</a> states: 
“How is race embodied and how are bodies racialized? How do gender, sexuality, class, size, perceived beauty, and ability mutually influence embodiment? This course considers anthropological and historical studies of the body, with a critical focus on Blackness. We investigate how Black human bodies are othered, valued, dehumanized, and experienced, across time and space, with a particular focus on the United States.”
&nbsp;
Published &#8211; January 11th, 2023

<a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/tracie.canada">Tracie Canada</a> is an Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Duke University. According to her biography, she studies the “lived experiences of black college football players” and how “institutional systems and everyday spaces order, discipline, and enact violence against Black players.” 

In an article for Scientific American, Canada argues that black men <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106195655/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/damar-hamlins-collapse-highlights-the-violence-black-men-experience-in-football/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">disproportionately suffer injuries in NFL</a> due to the league’s connection to the slave trade. 

The article was published just days after Buffalo Bills Safety Damar Hamlin <a href="https://sports.yahoo.com/bills-s-damar-hamlin-discharged-from-cincinnati-hospital-1-week-after-terrifying-collapse-201301750.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suffered a cardiac arrest</a> during a January 2023 game. Canada writes that his injury represents the “normalized” violence black men face in the NFL. This violence is propounded, she continues, by coaches who purposefully “segregate” black men into dangerous positions on the team: 
“…through a process called racial stacking, coaches racially segregate athletes by playing position. These demographic discrepancies place Black athletes at a higher risk during play.”
While admitting she has not studied the injury rates white players suffer, Canada compares the NFL to a “plantation field.” She states that similar to slavery, black bodies are exploited to the point of injury for the entertainment of spectators. 

“On these playing fields, ones that sociologist Billy Hawkins would argue are never theoretically far from plantation fields, financial stakeholders value Black bodies for their productive potential and physical prowess. The league encourages and facilitates rigorous training and disciplining so players can execute seemingly impossible corporeal demands, all in the service of entertainment, money-making, and insatiable fandom.”

She concludes that despite consisting of 70% black men, anti-blackness in the NFL is “inescapable.” In a separate article, Canada writes that <a href="https://www.aaihs.org/anti-blackness-and-college-football/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">white supremacy is foundational</a> to the sport itself:
“...the college football system continues to rely on its foundational white supremacist ideals.”
During the Spring 2023 semester, Canada will be teaching a course titled, “Embodied Blackness.” A <a href="https://aaas.duke.edu/courses/embodied-blackness" target="_blank" rel="noopener">description of the course</a> states: 
“How is race embodied and how are bodies racialized? How do gender, sexuality, class, size, perceived beauty, and ability mutually influence embodiment? This course considers anthropological and historical studies of the body, with a critical focus on Blackness. We investigate how Black human bodies are othered, valued, dehumanized, and experienced, across time and space, with a particular focus on the United States.”
&nbsp;
Published - January 11th, 2023

screenshot-2023-03-20-at-9-26-12-am

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<a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/faculty/wylin-d-wilson" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wylin Wilson</a> is an Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics at Duke Divinity School. According to her biography, Wilson studies the intersection of religion, gender, and what is known as “bioethics.” 
One of Wilson’s primary duties at Duke is <a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/node/16790" target="_blank" rel="noopener">training future ministers</a> in theology, bioethics, gender studies, and, “womanist ethics.” 
The term “womanist” refers to activists who prioritize the voices and lived experiences of black women over other races, particularly in conversations about race or gender.  
In her class, “Womanist Theological Ethics,” Wilson assigns texts from the following authors:
&#8211; Katie G. Cannon, who taught that Christian perspectives are <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/obituaries/katie-cannon-68-dies-lifted-black-womens-perspective-in-theology.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">formed by white men</a>. She excoriated white churches throughout her life, accusing them of <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0020964319876578" target="_blank" rel="noopener">upholding white supremacy</a>. 
&#8211; Emile M. Townes, who accuses the feminist movement of only validating the experiences of “<a href="https://ir.vanderbilt.edu/bitstream/handle/1803/8226/Townes-WomanistTheology.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1#:~:text=WOMANIST%20THEOLOGY%20is%20a%20form,are%20seen%20as%20theological%20problems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">white, middle-class women</a>.”
&#8211; Jacquelyn Grant, author of “White Women’s Jesus.” The book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/White-Womens-Christ-Black-Jesus/dp/1555403034" target="_blank" rel="noopener">critiques Christianity and Jesus Christ as “problematic”</a> because both are not relatable to “non-white and non-western women.” 
Students must also read, “White Too Long,” which depicts Christianity as a “<a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/White-Too-Long/Robert-P-Jones/9781982122874" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cornerstone” of white supremacy</a>. The book alleges, “The more racist attitudes a person holds, the more likely he or she is to identify as a white Christian.”  
In a lecture at Duke, Wilson defines her work in “bioethics” as training healthcare professionals to embrace a “liberating praxis” and “live out certain virtues” when treating patients. 
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F9B8MJi_CYI" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
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She further emphasizes the necessity of “womanist bioethics” for doctors to correct the “default center” of “white, male, middle-class, secular, and privileged” healthcare  or mainstream bioethics.  
<iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/APg1SPcv4jM" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>
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During a separate <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku_TYS2cd2U&amp;ab_channel=Events%40Valpo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lecture at Valparaiso University</a>, she claims racism, slavery and discrimination are omnipresent in American society, as the past “is not dead.” Wilson further claims that a fact of American life remains that race is inseparable from religion. 
<div style="width: 640px;" class="wp-video">
<video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-0-1" width="640" height="360" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/WylinWilson-_Race-and-Religion-are-inseparable._-.mp4?_=1" /><a href="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/WylinWilson-_Race-and-Religion-are-inseparable._-.mp4">https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/WylinWilson-_Race-and-Religion-are-inseparable._-.mp4</a></video></div>
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Racism, Wilson continues, is a driving factor of racial health disparities, as black Americans were historically mistreated by doctors. Wilson states this “communal trauma” makes a “rational” person like herself afraid to go to the doctor because so many have implicit bias.  
<div style="width: 640px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-0-2" width="640" height="360" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/My-Movie-1.mp4?_=2" /><a href="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/My-Movie-1.mp4">https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/My-Movie-1.mp4</a></video></div>
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Shortly thereafter, Wilson claims that her communal memory makes her fearful of being murdered by police, as she was taught at a young age that “cops are dangerous, they kill black people.”
<div style="width: 640px;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-0-3" width="640" height="360" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/mp4" src="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Wylin-Wilson-_These-Cops-Kill-Black-People.mp4?_=3" /><a href="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Wylin-Wilson-_These-Cops-Kill-Black-People.mp4">https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Wylin-Wilson-_These-Cops-Kill-Black-People.mp4</a></video></div>
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Wilson further teaches a course titled “Transhumanism/XTheoL/Embodmnt.” <a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/courses/transhumanismxtheolembodmnt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The description states</a> that “embodiment is incomplete, unsound, and limited by frailty, mortality, and illness,” and explores transhumanism in a Christian-centered response.
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Published &#8211; March 20, 2023

<a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/faculty/wylin-d-wilson" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wylin Wilson</a> is an Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics at Duke Divinity School. According to her biography, Wilson studies the intersection of religion, gender, and what is known as “bioethics.” 

One of Wilson’s primary duties at Duke is <a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/node/16790" target="_blank" rel="noopener">training future ministers</a> in theology, bioethics, gender studies, and, “womanist ethics.” 

The term “womanist” refers to activists who prioritize the voices and lived experiences of black women over other races, particularly in conversations about race or gender.  

In her class, “Womanist Theological Ethics,” Wilson assigns texts from the following authors:

- Katie G. Cannon, who taught that Christian perspectives are <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/obituaries/katie-cannon-68-dies-lifted-black-womens-perspective-in-theology.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">formed by white men</a>. She excoriated white churches throughout her life, accusing them of <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0020964319876578" target="_blank" rel="noopener">upholding white supremacy</a>. 

- Emile M. Townes, who accuses the feminist movement of only validating the experiences of “<a href="https://ir.vanderbilt.edu/bitstream/handle/1803/8226/Townes-WomanistTheology.pdf?isAllowed=y&amp;sequence=1#:~:text=WOMANIST%20THEOLOGY%20is%20a%20form,are%20seen%20as%20theological%20problems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">white, middle-class women</a>.”

- Jacquelyn Grant, author of “White Women’s Jesus.” The book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/White-Womens-Christ-Black-Jesus/dp/1555403034" target="_blank" rel="noopener">critiques Christianity and Jesus Christ as “problematic”</a> because both are not relatable to “non-white and non-western women.” 

Students must also read, “White Too Long,” which depicts Christianity as a “<a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/White-Too-Long/Robert-P-Jones/9781982122874" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cornerstone” of white supremacy</a>. The book alleges, “The more racist attitudes a person holds, the more likely he or she is to identify as a white Christian.”  

In a lecture at Duke, Wilson defines her work in “bioethics” as training healthcare professionals to embrace a “liberating praxis” and “live out certain virtues” when treating patients.
<iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F9B8MJi_CYI" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>

&nbsp;

She further emphasizes the necessity of “womanist bioethics” for doctors to correct the “default center” of “white, male, middle-class, secular, and privileged” healthcare  or mainstream bioethics.  

<iframe title="YouTube video player" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/APg1SPcv4jM" width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe>

&nbsp;

During a separate <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku_TYS2cd2U&amp;ab_channel=Events%40Valpo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lecture at Valparaiso University</a>, she claims racism, slavery and discrimination are omnipresent in American society, as the past “is not dead.” Wilson further claims that a fact of American life remains that race is inseparable from religion. 

[video width="1280" height="720" mp4="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/WylinWilson-_Race-and-Religion-are-inseparable._-.mp4"][/video]

&nbsp;

Racism, Wilson continues, is a driving factor of racial health disparities, as black Americans were historically mistreated by doctors. Wilson states this “communal trauma” makes a “rational” person like herself afraid to go to the doctor because so many have implicit bias.  

[video width="1280" height="720" mp4="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/My-Movie-1.mp4"][/video]

&nbsp;

Shortly thereafter, Wilson claims that her communal memory makes her fearful of being murdered by police, as she was taught at a young age that “cops are dangerous, they kill black people.”

[video width="1280" height="720" mp4="https://backend.professorwatchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Wylin-Wilson-_These-Cops-Kill-Black-People.mp4"][/video]

&nbsp;

Wilson further teaches a course titled “Transhumanism/XTheoL/Embodmnt.” <a href="https://divinity.duke.edu/courses/transhumanismxtheolembodmnt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The description states</a> that “embodiment is incomplete, unsound, and limited by frailty, mortality, and illness,” and explores transhumanism in a Christian-centered response.

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Published - March 20, 2023

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